Badania szkodliwego wpływu czynników antropogenicznych na karpia za pomocą pomiarów niektórych parametrów biochemicznych

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Variables Affecting Measurements of Vertical Occlusal Force

Previous studies of occlusal force have provided conflicting results. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the extent of vertical opening, contralateral occlusal support, or head posture influenced vertical occlusal forces during swallowing, simulated chewing, and maximum biting effort. Three samples of subjects with normal vertical facial proportions - one each of children, adolescents, and young adults - were evaluated to determine the effects of changes in small (2.5 vs. 6.0 mm) vertical separation of the first molars. A sample of young adults was used to evaluate changes in large (10-40 mm) vertical openings, and a sample of adolescents was used to investigate the effect of contralateral support and head posture. All between-group comparisons were evaluated using non-parametric statistics. For the small vertical openings, there was significantly more vertical occlusal force at 6.0 than 2.5 mm in children during swallowing and chewing but not during maximum biting effort. In adults, there was significantly more force during swallowing at 6.0 than at 2.5 mm separation, but no differences in chewing or maximum biting. Increasingly large vertical openings resulted in a progressive increase in maximum bite force to a maximum at about 20 mm, followed by a decrease and then a second increase to near-maximum force at about 40 mm for young adults. There were no significant differences in vertical force with or without contralateral support or between flexed, normal, and extended head postures at either of the small openings.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68036/2/10.1177_00220345860650020901.pd

Probabilistic Classification of Infrared-selected targets for SPHEREx mission: In search of YSOs

We apply machine learning algorithms to classify Infrared (IR)-selected targets for NASA's upcoming SPHEREx mission. In particular, we are interested in classifying Young Stellar Objects (YSOs), which are essential for understanding the star formation process. Our approach differs from previous work, which has relied heavily on broadband color criteria to classify IR-bright objects, and are typically implemented in color-color and color-magnitude diagrams. However, these methods do not state the confidence associated with the classification and the results from these methods are quite ambiguous due to the overlap of different source types in these diagrams. Here, we utilize photometric colors and magnitudes from seven near and mid-infrared bands simultaneously and employ machine and deep learning algorithms to carry out probabilistic classification of YSOs, Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and main-sequence (MS) stars. Our approach also sub-classifies YSOs into Class I, II, III and flat spectrum YSOs, and AGB stars into carbon-rich and oxygen-rich AGB stars. We apply our methods to infrared-selected targets compiled in preparation for SPHEREx which are likely to include YSOs and other classes of objects. Our classification indicates that out of $8,308,384$ sources, $1,966,340$ have class prediction with probability exceeding $90\%$, amongst which $\sim 1.7\%$ are YSOs, $\sim 58.2\%$ are AGB stars, $\sim 40\%$ are (reddened) MS stars, and $\sim 0.1\%$ are AGN whose red broadband colors mimic YSOs. We validate our classification using the spatial distributions of predicted YSOs towards the Cygnus-X star-forming complex, as well as AGB stars across the Galactic plane.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA

Surface collective modes in the topological insulators Bi2_2Se3_3 and Bi0.5_{0.5}Sb1.5_{1.5}Te3−x_{3-x}Sex_{x}

We used low-energy, momentum-resolved inelastic electron scattering to study surface collective modes of the three-dimensional topological insulators Bi$_2$Se$_3$ and Bi$_{0.5}$Sb$_{1.5}$Te$_{3-x}$Se$_{x}$. Our goal was to identify the "spin plasmon" predicted by Raghu and co-workers [S. Raghu, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 116401 (2010)]. Instead, we found that the primary collective mode is a surface plasmon arising from the bulk, free carrers in these materials. This excitation dominates the spectral weight in the bosonic function of the surface, $\chi "(\textbf{q},\omega)$, at THz energy scales, and is the most likely origin of a quasiparticle dispersion kink observed in previous photoemission experiments. Our study suggests that the spin plasmon may mix with this other surface mode, calling for a more nuanced understanding of optical experiments in which the spin plasmon is reported to play a role.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

A necklace of dense cores in the high-mass star forming region G35.20-0.74N: ALMA observations

The present study aims at characterizing the massive star forming region G35.20N, which is found associated with at least one massive outflow and contains multiple dense cores, one of them recently found associated with a Keplerian rotating disk. We used ALMA to observe the G35.20N region in the continuum and line emission at 350 GHz. The observed frequency range covers tracers of dense gas (e.g. H13CO+, C17O), molecular outflows (e.g. SiO), and hot cores (e.g. CH3CN, CH3OH). The ALMA 870 um continuum emission map reveals an elongated dust structure (0.15 pc long and 0.013 pc wide) perpendicular to the large-scale molecular outflow detected in the region, and fragmented into a number of cores with masses 1-10 Msun and sizes 1600 AU. The cores appear regularly spaced with a separation of 0.023 pc. The emission of dense gas tracers such as H13CO+ or C17O is extended and coincident with the dust elongated structure. The three strongest dust cores show emission of complex organic molecules characteristic of hot cores, with temperatures around 200 K, and relative abundances 0.2-2x10^(-8) for CH3CN and 0.6-5x10^(-6) for CH3OH. The two cores with highest mass (cores A and B) show coherent velocity fields, with gradients almost aligned with the dust elongated structure. Those velocity gradients are consistent with Keplerian disks rotating about central masses of 4-18 Msun. Perpendicular to the velocity gradients we have identified a large-scale precessing jet/outflow associated with core B, and hints of an east-west jet/outflow associated with core A. The elongated dust structure in G35.20N is fragmented into a number of dense cores that may form massive stars. Based on the velocity field of the dense gas, the orientation of the magnetic field, and the regularly spaced fragmentation, we interpret this elongated structure as the densest part of a 1D filament fragmenting and forming massive stars.Comment: 24 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (abstract modified to fit arXiv restrictions

Phosphoramidates and phosphonamidates (ProTides) with antiviral activity

Following the first report on the nucleoside phosphoramidate (ProTide) prodrug approach in 1990 by Chris McGuigan, the extensive investigation of ProTide technology has begun in many laboratories. Designed with aim to overcome limitations and the key resistance mechanisms associated with nucleoside analogues used in the clinic (poor cellular uptake, poor conversion to the 5′-monophosphate form), the ProTide approach has been successfully applied to a vast number of nucleoside analogues with antiviral and anticancer activity. ProTides consist of a 5′-nucleoside monophosphate in which the two hydroxyl groups are masked with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy component which once in the cell is enzymatically metabolized to deliver free 5′-monophosphate, which is further transformed to the active 5′-triphosphate form of the nucleoside analogue. In this review, the seminal contribution of Chris McGuigan’s research to this field is presented. His technology proved to be extremely successful in drug discovery and has led to two Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agents